Civil Engineering Notes

This class covers ancillary works required for piling operations other than the piles themselves (Class P). These items are necessary for the execution, support, or completion of piling works but…

Piling is a crucial part of civil engineering works, providing deep foundations where surface soils lack bearing capacity. Class P defines how piles and associated works must be measured, itemized,…

This class covers timber materials and timber works in civil engineering and building projects. It includes formwork, temporary works, joinery, carpentry, and permanent timber items like doors, windows, and fittings.…

This class covers metal items that do not fall under structural metalwork (Class M) but are still essential for civil engineering and building works. These are typically secondary, non-structural, or…

Structural metalwork refers to all fabricated steel and metallic components forming part of a civil engineering project. This includes primary structural elements (beams, columns, trusses), secondary components (bracing, purlins, handrails),…

1. Scope Class K covers manholes, chambers, access points, and other ancillary structures associated with pipelines. It also includes ancillary works such as pipe supports, thrust blocks, anchor blocks, and…

Scope Covers all types of pipes (supply, transport, delivery, disposal, distribution systems). Includes pipes laid underground, above ground, or within structures. Applies to pressure pipes, gravity drains, sewers, culverts, ducts,…

Scope Covers all types of precast concrete work, whether structural or non-structural, manufactured off-site or on-site, but not cast in-situ (which belongs to Class F). Includes structural units, cladding, paving,…