August, 2025 - Global Insights

CESMM4 – Class E: Earthworks

1. Scope Covers all operations related to: Excavation, filling, and disposal of soil, rock, and other materials. Dewatering during earthworks. Preparation of foundations, trenches, pits, and embankments. Compaction and replacement…

August 28, 2025No Comments

Civil Engineering Notes

CESMM4 – Class D: Demolition and Site Clearance

1. Scope Covers all works connected with demolition, dismantling, and clearance required prior to new construction. Includes: Demolition of buildings, structures, foundations. Dismantling of steelwork, plant, machinery. Removal and disposal…

August 28, 2025No Comments

Civil Engineering Notes

Class C – Geotechnical and Other Specialist Processes (CESMM4)

This class covers all specialist geotechnical works that improve ground strength, stability, permeability, or prepare the foundation ground before and during construction. While Class B (Ground Investigation) is about understanding…

August 28, 2025No Comments

Civil Engineering Notes

Class B – Ground Investigation (CESMM4)

Ground investigation items are included in the BOQ to cover the exploration, sampling, testing, and reporting of subsurface conditions before or during construction. This class ensures that the contractor accounts…

August 28, 2025No Comments

Civil Engineering Notes

General Items (Class A) – CESMM4

General Items are non-measurable works or costs that are essential for the execution of the project but cannot be classified under the normal measurable work classes (earthworks, concrete, etc.). They…

August 28, 2025No Comments

Civil Engineering Notes

Preparation of the Bill of Quantities (CESMM4)

The Bill of Quantities (BOQ) is the central document prepared under CESMM4, which provides structured information on work quantities to allow contractors to tender accurately and enable valuation during execution.…

August 27, 202513

Civil Engineering Notes

CESMM4 – Application of Work Classification

The work classification is the foundation of CESMM4. It ensures that every item of civil engineering work is described and measured consistently across projects. 1. Purpose of Work Classification Provides…

August 27, 2025No Comments

Money Wealth

CESMM4 – General Principles

The General Principles provide guidance on how items of work are classified, described, and measured in the BOQ. They ensure consistency, fairness, and clarity between clients, consultants, and contractors. 1.…

August 27, 2025No Comments

Money Wealth

CESMM4 – Definitions

The definitions in CESMM4 are crucial because they set the basis for how work items are understood, classified, described, and measured. Without clear definitions, ambiguities arise in the Bill of…

August 27, 2025No Comments

Money Wealth

Ready-Mix Concrete (RMC) & Site Works – Thumb Rules

RMC Basics 1. Density of RMC = 2400 kg/m³ (same as RCC).2. 1 Transit Mixer capacity = 6–7 m³ of RMC.3. 1 m³ RMC (M20) = ~320 kg cement, 160…

August 27, 2025No Comments

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